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␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ βGWILL WEST EUROPEAN COMMUNISM BECOME STALINIST

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTNow␈αthat␈αthere␈αis␈αsome␈αprospect␈αof␈αthe␈αCommunist␈αparties␈αin␈αFrance␈αand␈αItaly␈αentering␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓government,␈α∂everyone␈α∂is␈α∂wondering␈α∂whether␈α∞their␈α∂newly␈α∂announced␈α∂dedication␈α∂to␈α∂democracy␈α∞is
␈↓ α∧␈↓sincere.␈α
 For␈α
some␈α
people,␈α
it␈α
comes␈αdown␈α
to␈α
whether␈α
Messrs.␈α
Marchais␈α
and␈α
Berlinguer␈αhave␈α
honest
␈↓ α∧␈↓faces.␈α Unfortunately,␈αeven␈αif␈αMarchais␈αand␈αBerlinguer␈αare␈αentirely␈αsincere␈αabout␈αtheir␈αpreference
␈↓ α∧␈↓for democracy, there are forces that will drive them towards dictatorship if they ever get power.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTIt␈α∩is␈α∩a␈α∩question␈α∩of␈α∪the␈α∩beliefs␈α∩that␈α∩induce␈α∩a␈α∪person␈α∩to␈α∩become␈α∩a␈α∩Communist␈α∪or␈α∩vote
␈↓ α∧␈↓Communist in an election and the effect on those beliefs of the actuality of Communist power.

␈↓ α∧␈↓The beliefs of Communist supporters usually include the following:

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT2.␈αIf␈αthe␈αconsumption␈αof␈αthe␈αrich␈αwere␈αdiverted␈αto␈αthe␈αpoor,␈αthe␈αpoor␈αwould␈αbe␈αmuch␈αbetter
␈↓ α∧␈↓off.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT3. Labor discipline is a mechanism of exploitation.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT4. Laying off surplus workers does not serve a useful economic function.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT5.␈αThe␈αmanagers␈αof␈αcommerce␈αand␈αindustry␈αowe␈αtheir␈αjobs␈αto␈αinfluence␈αnot␈αability␈αand␈αcan
␈↓ α∧␈↓be replaced by anyone.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTUnfortunately␈α∂for␈α∂the␈α∂Communists␈α∞these␈α∂beliefs␈α∂are␈α∂not␈α∂true␈α∞in␈α∂the␈α∂main.␈α∂ The␈α∂result␈α∞of
␈↓ α∧␈↓acting␈αon␈αthem␈αby␈αa␈αgovernment␈αhas␈αalways␈α
led␈αto␈αeconomic␈αhard␈αtimes␈αand␈αthe␈αalienation␈α
of␈αof
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈α∂middle␈α∂class␈α∂including␈α∂parts␈α∂of␈α∂the␈α∞middle␈α∂class␈α∂essential␈α∂for␈α∂the␈α∂efficient␈α∂operation␈α∂of␈α∞the
␈↓ α∧␈↓economy.␈α∂ One␈α∂result␈α⊂is␈α∂an␈α∂immediate␈α⊂and␈α∂increasing␈α∂emigration␈α∂of␈α⊂people␈α∂who␈α∂can␈α⊂do␈α∂better
␈↓ α∧␈↓elsewhere.␈α∞ Another␈α∞result␈α∞is␈α∞a␈α∞swing␈α∞to␈α∞the␈α∞right␈α∞of␈α∞political␈α∞sentiment␈α∞that␈α∞promptly␈α∞faces␈α∞the
␈↓ α∧␈↓Communists with a choice between loss of power and dictatorship.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTWhat are the characteristics of this dictatorship:

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT1. Abolishing the right of other parties to contest elections.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT2.␈α
Abolition␈α
of␈α
freedom␈α
of␈α
speech␈α
and␈α
press.␈α
 In␈α
principle,␈α
one␈α
could␈α
have␈α
a␈α
monopoly␈α
of
␈↓ α∧␈↓power and a maintenance of a free press, but no Communist government has dared try it.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αT3.␈α
Abolition␈α
of␈α
the␈α
right␈α
to␈α
emigrate.␈α
 This␈α
one␈α
often␈α
goes␈α
against␈α
the␈α
grain␈α
for␈α
Communists,
␈↓ α∧␈↓both␈αbecause␈α
it␈αrequires␈α
a␈αreversal␈α
of␈αprinciples␈α
they␈αthought␈α
they␈αhad,␈α
and␈αbecause␈α
they␈αsee␈α
some
␈↓ α∧␈↓advantages␈α∂in␈α⊂getting␈α∂their␈α⊂opponents␈α∂out␈α⊂of␈α∂the␈α∂country.␈α⊂ However,␈α∂since␈α⊂they␈α∂don't␈α⊂offer␈α∂an
␈↓ α∧␈↓engineer␈αor␈αscientist␈αor␈αliterary␈αintellectual␈αthe␈αconditions␈αof␈αpersonal␈αresect␈αand␈αpersonal␈αfreedom
␈↓ α∧␈↓they␈αcan␈αget␈αelsewhere,␈αthey␈αsimply␈αlose␈αtoo␈αmany␈αpeople,␈αand␈αevery␈αCommunist␈αcountry␈αhas␈αcome
␈↓ α∧␈↓to␈α⊂emigration␈α⊂control␈α∂sooner␈α⊂or␈α⊂later.␈α∂ The␈α⊂lack␈α⊂of␈α∂freedom␈α⊂seems␈α⊂to␈α∂be␈α⊂more␈α⊂important␈α∂than
␈↓ α∧␈↓income␈α⊂for␈α⊂this␈α⊂group,␈α⊂because␈α⊂a␈α⊂number␈α⊂of␈α⊂Communist␈α⊂countries␈α⊂treat␈α⊂intellectuals␈α⊂very␈α⊂well
␈↓ α∧␈↓economically,␈αand␈αmany␈αintellectuals␈αflee␈αto␈αmuch␈αworse␈αeconomic␈αcircumstances␈αthan␈αthey␈αhad␈αin
␈↓ α∧␈↓the Socialist country.



␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|1␈↓ ∧



␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTHowever,␈αthis␈αis␈αnot␈αthe␈αworst␈αthat␈αhas␈αhappened.␈α There␈αis␈αa␈αway␈αout␈αof␈αthe␈αunpopularity
␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈αcomes␈αfrom␈αthe␈αreduced␈αeconomic␈αcircumstances␈αfollowing␈αthe␈αrevolution.␈α This␈αis␈αto␈αfind␈αan
␈↓ α∧␈↓enemy␈αwho␈αcan␈αbe␈αblamed␈αfor␈αthe␈αdifficulties.␈α A␈αlocal␈αparty␈αleader␈αgood␈αat␈αfinding␈αsuch␈αenemies
␈↓ α∧␈↓will␈α
keep␈α
Communist␈α
support␈α
strong␈α
in␈α
his␈α
locality,␈α
and␈α
his␈α
superiors␈α
will␈α
love␈α
him.␈α
 They␈αsoon
␈↓ α∧␈↓learn␈αthat␈α
it␈αdoesn't␈αpay␈α
to␈αlook␈α
to␈αclosely␈αinto␈α
the␈αgenuineness␈α
of␈αthe␈αenemies␈α
he␈αhas␈αfound.␈α
 This
␈↓ α∧␈↓is␈α⊃the␈α⊃source␈α⊃of␈α⊃the␈α⊃tendency␈α⊃to␈α⊃cannibalistic␈α⊃politics␈α⊃in␈α⊃Communist␈α⊃countries.␈α⊃ Once␈α⊂finding
␈↓ α∧␈↓enemies␈α
becomes␈α
a␈α
way␈α
to␈α
advance,␈α
it␈α
rapidly␈α
develops␈α
that␈α
the␈α
best␈α
enemy␈α
to␈α
find␈α
is␈α
a␈α
rival␈αin␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓party.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTWell,␈α⊃these␈α⊃are␈α⊃some␈α∩of␈α⊃the␈α⊃reasons␈α⊃why␈α∩the␈α⊃development␈α⊃of␈α⊃Stalinism␈α∩has␈α⊃substantial
␈↓ α∧␈↓probability␈αin␈αany␈αCommunist␈αcountry.␈α Now␈αthat␈αStalinism␈αunder␈αStalin␈αhas␈αbeen␈αexposed␈αto␈αthe
␈↓ α∧␈↓world␈α∂and␈α∂to␈α∂Communist␈α∂leaders␈α∂the␈α⊂world␈α∂over,␈α∂one␈α∂can␈α∂expect␈α∂strong␈α∂inhibitions␈α⊂against␈α∂its
␈↓ α∧␈↓development.␈α Whether␈α
these␈αinhibitions␈αwill␈α
be␈αsufficient␈α
to␈αprevent␈αmore␈α
Stalins␈αremains␈α
to␈αbe
␈↓ α∧␈↓seen.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTRecently␈α∃there␈α∃have␈α∃developed␈α∃among␈α∃some␈α∃Western␈α∃Communists␈α∃inhibitions␈α∃against
␈↓ α∧␈↓dictatorship␈α⊂per␈α∂se.␈α⊂ It␈α∂seems␈α⊂very␈α⊂unlikely␈α∂that␈α⊂these␈α∂inhibitions␈α⊂are␈α∂strong␈α⊂enough␈α⊂to␈α∂permit
␈↓ α∧␈↓control␈α∩of␈α∩the␈α⊃government␈α∩to␈α∩be␈α⊃given␈α∩up␈α∩with␈α⊃no␈α∩attempt␈α∩to␈α⊃establish␈α∩"dictatorship␈α∩of␈α⊃the
␈↓ α∧␈↓proletariat".␈α
 If␈α
I␈α
lived␈α
in␈α
a␈α
country,␈α
and␈α
Communists␈α
took␈α
power,␈α
I'd␈α
emigrate␈α
while␈α
it␈α∞was␈α
still
␈↓ α∧␈↓possible.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTBy␈α
the␈α
way,␈α
has␈α
anyone␈α
ever␈α
gotten␈αMessrs.␈α
Berlinguer␈α
and␈α
Marchais␈α
to␈α
say␈α
that␈αthey␈α
would
␈↓ α∧␈↓give␈α⊃up␈α⊃power␈α⊃rather␈α⊃than␈α⊃give␈α⊃up␈α⊃democracy?␈α⊃ An␈α⊃explicit␈α⊃assurance␈α⊃might␈α⊃be␈α⊃better␈α⊃than
␈↓ α∧␈↓nothing.

























␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε|2␈↓ ∧